2019-12-08
A-level经济课程安排有个“神奇”之处,在学习了new classical 关于perfectly competitive, monopoly Oligopoly, monopolistic competition等市场理论过后,教材神奇地安排了contestable market。对于这个区别于新古典市场理论又类似于前几个市场理论的概念,让学经济学的孩童们难以对号入座。
在这边小学诚真诚地建议同学们,大家就把contestable market当作一个new market,在你还不是很熟悉他的时候,不要把他与其他market structure联系起来,等你对他认识充分的时候,你尽可以大胆地将之与其他market 进行比较,不过切记,距离产生美。关于contestable market的几大特点要牢牢把握:
定义如下:Contestable market : any market structure where there is a threat that potential are free and able to enter this market.
特点如下:
The number of firms in the industry may vary from one (a monopolist) having complete control of the market, to many, with no single firm having a significant share of the market.
In a contestable market, there is freedom of entry to and exit from the market. This means there will be no sunk costs.
Firms are short-run profit maximisers, producing where MC = MR.
There is perfect knowledge in the industry.
The potential for hit-and-run competition exists.
重中之重点老师已经画出来了,大家务必注意,在写作的时候你会发现永远离不开对low barriers,sunk cost的讨论,从而努力证明某某市场具有contestability。所以,这里也要求同学们独具慧眼地在材料中寻找可能跟contestability相关的蛛丝马迹。下面以2018年data为例,我们一起找找挂于taxi market居于contestability的证据!
相信大家很容易发现一个问题,在Nairobi竟然还有unlicensed taxi,这点可以用来说明taxi market是contestable;其次,第一段提到Uber,safaricom等等新公司的进入,所以我们也可以认为taxi market是contestable;再然后呢,我们还看到说未来有更多的taxi firms会进入Nairobi;写到这里同学们对contestable的认识有所加深了吧!
A-level课程还有其他疑问的小伙伴,快来预约试听课,解决你的难题吧~